The software is protected against any unauthorized use by hardware key. The hardware key is an instrument which connects to the parallel or USB computer port. During operation, the software tests its presence. If the hardware isn't found, it will be automatically launched in the limited demo mode.

The hardware key can be used in local or network version. The local key has to be connected directly to the computer running the GROMA software. The network hardware key is connected to the so called license server, to which all the individual GROMA system installations connect.

The key can be connected to any LPT1 - LPT3 ports or to a USB port. The key is completely transparent for the standard printer signals, therefore it can be connected through this key. If you are using more keys connected in a cascade, and shall you have any troubles (some of the software doesn't work), try to change the key order, eventually divide them to other computer ports.

Important

The Windows based on NT technology (Windows NT, 2000, XP) do not allow for applications a direct access to the hardware; therefore it is necessary to install the driver for the hardware key in this operation system. The driver installation isn’t necessary in Windows 95, 98 and ME, but it can prevent the print conflicts. The driver is installed automatically during the installation of the GROMA system.

	Important
	For some types of printers using two-way simultaneous communication, the GROMA Software may not find the hardware key. In such case, it is necessary to install the hardware key's drivers, which are available on our website http://www.groma.cz.

The installation disc contains the executable GROMA8-x, which automatically installs all the necessary files.

The installation program can be launched for example from the Start menu or using the program administrator called by the command Start->Launch and inserting its name for example

D:\GROMA8-0.

After the start, the program will ask you the name of the directory where you want to install the GROMA program (implicitly C:\GROMA8). The directory for the GROMA program doesn't have to exist yet - the installation program will create it.

You can start the program by double clicking on its icon, from the menu Start or using the Search engine.

The GROMA program can be started only with certain parameters on the command line. These parameters are listed after the sign "/" or "-". The list of the parameters is in appendix.

All the GROMA program settings, including tolerances, input/output format, arrangement of the opened windows on the monitor, etc. are stored in the initialization file GROMA.INI. Location of this file varies depending on the MS Windows version used. If there is a variable USERPROFILE in the environment, the configuration file will be placed in the directory indicated by this variable. This variable is set in the Windows NT and Windows 2000 systems. If this variable is not defined, the configuration file will be placed in the directory where MS Windows is installed (typically C:\WINDOWS).

The location of the configuration file can be changed using the start parameter. The list of the used parameter is in the appendix.

If the initialization file hasn't been found during the first start of the GROMA system, the program will copy the standard pre-defined configuration located in the GROMA directory system.

The configuration system is a text file which can, theoretically, be directly edited; however, we do not recommend it because all its items can be set from the GROMA Program environment. Shall this file be defect, or shall it contain unexpected or inadmissible data, the correct program behavior can not be ensured.

Considering that in the program one can set quite a large amount of parameters (in some cases, for example the input/output formats, the parameters setup can be quite laborious), we recommend backup of the initialization file every so often.

The work with the program is similar to the work with the majority of application programs for MS Windows; a user familiar with this environment shouldn't have any problems using this program.

A main window is displayed after the first initiation of the GROMA Program. A menu with orders to operate the program is displayed in the upper part of the window. This menu reacts to the type of data window that is currently active, and adjusts the offered orders accordingly. No window is opened after the first initiation of the program; therefore, the menu only contains the orders to open a window and calculations.

A toolbar is displayed under this menu. The toolbar contains some of the most often used commands from the main menu and serves to fasten their calling. As well as the menu, the toolbar also reacts to the type of the active window.

A calculation bar is displayed under the toolbar. All the offered jobs can be called using the Calculations menu.

A settings bar is located under the calculation bar. Some settings of the GROMA system can be directly changed on this bar. In addition, a configuration manager is accessible from this bar, which can be used to manage more configuration files.

All the lists on the settings bar display a few recently used values. Therefore, when choosing the formerly used value, usually it is not necessary to enter any data from the keyboard - it is enough to select one from the values listed.

The following values are available on the settings bar:

The data windows are located on the empty desktop under the calculation bar.

A status bar is located by the bottom edge of the main window to provide the user with more information.

The main program window displayed after the first program launch creates a certain frame for other windows containing the actual data in process. The GROMA Program allows working with seven types of data windows:

The coordinate windows and the measured data windows are the so called lists, which means that they contain text information arranged in lines and columns.

You can immediately open an unlimited number of windows (their number is limited only by the capacity of the free memory). More windows can be opened for one data file, all the changes in data display automatically in every open window

The individual windows can be moved as with any other MS Windows application. You can move the windows on the screen, enlarge or diminish them, minimize to icons or enlarge to the full main program window. The same operations can be done with the main window. The details on the work with windows can be found in the MS Windows User Manual.

The program keeps the information on the opened windows in the initiative file, so the windows are automatically reopened after terminating the work with the program and restarting it.

Use the Window command in the menu to move the windows.

The so called dialog windows (dialogs) are used for communication with the user. According to the operation method, the dialogs can be divided into the two groups modal and non-modal

You can use the context help of the GROMA program at any time. You can start the help in three ways:

Besides the main help menu, the program displays a short description of the selected item in the status bar during selection.

The projects are files defining the individual contracts. After establishing a project, a window is displayed where you can add files related to the pertinent contract. Also, the projects contain some parts of the configuration (attached code table, etc.). The work with the project is described in detail here.

The coordinate list is formed by two files with the same name, but different filename extensions. The first data file contains the coordinates (the filename extension .crd), and the second file, so called the index file, contains information on points sorting (filename extension .crx). By failure of loss of the data file, the coordinates of all the points are lost, but the lost index file can be recovered using the data file at any time. That's why it is necessary to carefully backup the data files, but to backup the index files is useless.

The method of saving the list of the measured data is almost the same as for the coordinate lists. Again, the list is formed by two files - data (.mes) and index (.mex). Manipulation of these files is the same as for the coordinate lists.

The method of saving the list of the measured orthogonal data is almost the same as for the coordinate lists. Again, the list is formed by two files - data (.mes) and index (.mex). Manipulation of these files is the same as for the coordinate lists.

You can open the file with a report during the calculation. It is an editorial text window, whereto the program saves the reports from the calculations. Only one report can be opened at a time. The work with the reports is described in detail in a separate chapter.

The GROMA Program allows working with text files. Text files can be opened in an editorial window in the same way as any other files. You can open an unlimited amount of text files, but unlike the lists, each file can be opened in only one window.

In some situations, the GROMA system opens the text files automatically (e.g. after exporting into a text file, the final file is automatically displayed. In case of an error while importing, the read file is displayed, and the cursor is placed on the defect line).

Should you want to import a currently open text file, and shall such file been changed in the GROMA system's editor, you will be notified that the existing version of the file is in the editor and asked if you want to save it before importing.

Should you change the text file opened in the GROMA system by some other application, you will be notified of the changes when coming back to the GROMA system and asked if you want to load an updated file version from the disc.

Graphic files (filename extension .pic) contain only a drawing transcription; therefore they are always connected with the pertinent coordinate files of the identical name. After opening a graphic file, a coordinate list is also automatically loaded into the memory (even if not displayed in the window). The advantage of this method of graphic creation is especially the fact that the same coordinate lists are used for calculations and for drawing and all changes show automatically in the drawn plan. Even when the situation related to the points has already been drawn, you can arbitrarily change the coordinates (for individual points as well as collectively for the entire file, for example by transformation from the local system into the main system), and the projected plan accepts such changes without the need of intervention. Also, using only one coordinate system saves room in the memory and on the disc.

To allow the program to work with the files they have to be indexed. During indexing, an index file pertinent to the data file is created, where all the points are sorted according to the prefix and numbers. The points in the data file remain unsorted, in the order they were step-by-step added during the calculations or import.

During the work with the list, the index file is located in the computer memory (for faster manipulation of the list), where the data file is still located on the disc. Therefore, all the changes are immediately stored on the disc

The changes in data are step-by-step written on the disc, while the changes in the index file take place in the operation memory, and the updated index file is normally saved when closing the window with the coordinate list. In case of a compulsory interruption of the program, an updated data file will remain on the disc, but the original index file. According to certain criteria, the program tests the conformity of the data and index files, so it can automatically detect if these two files do not be-long to each other, and in such case automatically creates a new index file.

When deleting from the data file (both coordinates and measured data), the cancelled items are only marked as deleted, but they still remain in the data file. Therefore, after complicated operations and points transfer, the coordinate list can be empty or contain only few points, but it is still taking some-times even few tens or hundreds of KB on the disc. In such case, it is appropriate to perform a data file compression. During the compression, the original data file is renamed to a backup file (.~cr), and a new data file (.crd) is created which doesn't contain the previously deleted items.

It is also suitable to perform the data file compression for other reasons. For example, if a coordinate list is imported (e.g. from a text file) with unsorted points, its indexing can (especially if it is larger) take quite a long time. If, during the further work, the index will be file defected or deleted, the entire tedious indexing must be done from scratch. When compressing the file, the points are written sorted according to numbers and, in this case, any prospective indexing will take far less time. After importing an unsorted list or, eventually, after a more complex addition to the list during a calculation, it is suitable to compress the data file.

To understand how to work with the files opened in the windows, we have to explain first how the program manages them.

After opening an arbitrary data file, the data necessary for work with it (e.g. index file fro the coordinate list, etc.) is loaded into the computer memory and the pertinent file representation is displayed in a window (coordinate lists, drawing, etc.). If the same file is open again, a new window is displayed, but in the computer memory the file is physically opened only once. Therefore, the newly open window is, in fact, really a second "window", through which you look at the same file. There-fore working with graphic plans you can view two different sections of a plan at once.

All that implies is that any change performed to the file in any opened window is physically per-formed on one file. The program indicates this by a consequent numbering of the windows showing one program. If the same part of the file is displayed in more windows, the performed changes are automatically displayed in all the windows.

If you want to work in the program with a data file, you have to open it first.

The file can be opened in three different ways:

If you want to create a new file choose the command File->New. A dialog window will display where you can select the type of file you want to create. After pressing the (OK) button the file is created and its empty window displayed. The file is created as temporary in the temporary folder. If you want to keep it, choose the command File->Save as and save it under a different name. If you try to close the unsaved temporary file, the program will notify you that the file wasn't saved yet, and it will ask you if you want to save it. If you do not save the file, it will be automatically deleted from the disc.

In version 6.0 the data files were completed by some additional data, which means that the lists created in the older versions of the GROMA system are not compatible with the new files. If you choose, while opening a coordinate list or measurements list a file which was created in some of the previous version of the GROMA system, the program will notify you that the file must be converted to the new format. If you confirm that you agree with the conversion, the program will leave the original file as a backup and will create a file with the same name in the new format. This new file can't be open in the older versions of the GROMA system. The original file from the older version will be kept as a backup (.~cr, .~me).

If you want to open the file in the 6.0 format in some of the older versions, you must first export in the older format by the command File->Save as. In the format list, select Version 2-5. In this way, the created file can be opened without any problems in the older versions of the program. The new data types (date and time of the creation and modification of a report, additional point data, file comment, etc.) will be lost during the conversion into the older format.

Each point on the list is marked with an identifier after which the point can be found on the list, and it also contains other information, where some are for both the coordinate lists and the lists of measurements and some are specific.

If the list is not empty, there is a cursor placed on one of its items as a line across the entire height of the line. You can move the cursor using the keys <Up-arrow>, <Down-arrow>, <PageUp>, <PageDown>, <Home> and <End>. The cursor usually marks the currently selected item (point or measurement), which is automatically subject to some operations (editing, deleting, etc.). The cursor can be directly moved to any item by pointing on it using a mouse.

The item that the cursor is on can be edited by pressing the key <Enter> or double clicking the mouse. An editorial window is displayed for editing the individual data; its appearance depends on the type of the list (the editorial window for points or for the measured data).

Items can be added to the list by using the key <Insert>. After pressing it, a dialog window appears where you can fill in the required information.

Adding to the coordinate list

While adding items on the coordinate list, a non-modal window is displayed allowing you to move between the individual items using also the key <Enter>. Some items can be turned off using the check field on the right of the pertinent item, so you do not have to skip data which you did not enter or which does not change. The turned off windows will be skipped while entering the data. If you turn off the point number, it will be automatically increased by one, but you don't have to confirm it constantly. If you turn off the set code, it will be assigned to all other points without confirming until the next change.

After entering the last required data, the point is automatically added to the list, and the cursor is placed on it in all the windows of the pertinent list and the number is increased by one. You do not have to confirm the prefix; if you wish to change it, you can get to it using a mouse or the key <Shift-Tab>.

The point is added to the list according to the set point sorting. If a point of such number already exists, the program will offer you the option to leave the old point on the list or to save the new point whose coordinates are calculated as an average of the old and new points.

If you are adding point with a number which already exists on the list to the coordinate list a, the program will display a window with all the information on the new point, the coordinate differences, and other information (see the figure).

In this situation, you have the following options:

• To choose a new number for the point. The number can be entered in the input window for the point number.

• To leave the original coordinates. Choose the item Old for the station and the height.

• To save the new coordinates. Choose the item New for the station and height.

• To average the new coordinates with the original ones. Choose the item Average for the station and the height. In this case you can also choose the importance of the original and new coordinates.

• A combination of the above options. The processing method can be chosen independently for the station and the height. So you can leave the original coordinates X and Y, but enter a new height.

Information on so processed point will appear in the protocol, including the coordinate differences and other data.

The items on the list can be deleted using the key <Del>, choosing Edit->Delete or Edit->Cut

The program will remove any red marked items on the list (after the question Remove all the marked items?).

If none of the items are marked red, the program will remove the item where the cursor is placed (after the question Remove the selected item?).

If any items were removed by the command Edit ->Cut, the program imported them in a directory, wherefrom they can be inserted in any other data window or as a text in another application (MS Excel, text editors, etc.) by a command Edit>->Paste>. The entered coordinates are sorted according to the numbers; the measured data are inserted in front of the current cursor position.

Any items on the list can be selected for further use by any function (save in file, import, deleting, etc.).

Batch selecting

The items on the lists can also be selected jointly using the selective dialog window, called by the command Measured data-> Select or Coordinates->Select .

You can enter the limits for selecting in this dialog windows (minimum values, maximum values).

Should you enter only the maximum value for some of the items, the program will select all the items where the maximum value is not exceeded. Similarly, should you enter only the minimum value, the program will select all the items where the relevant value isn't smaller than the entered limit.

Also, you can choose a selecting mode:

• New selection: The program will select only the items meeting the criteria. The previously selected items will be unselected.

• Add to the current selection: The program will add all the items meeting the criteria to the current selection.

• Remove from the selection: The program will remove all the items meeting the criteria from the current selection.

	Note
	When selecting the code, keep in mind that the code is a text file, even if it contains numbers. So if you set selection limits "1" to "20", the items with e.g. code "5" will not be selected.

You can also choose whether the program shall select the items which meet at least one of the listed conditions or only the items which meet all the conditions. You can start the selecting itself by pressing the button (Select).

The selecting dialog window contains some more functions:

• (Select all) This button selects all the items on the list. You can get the same result by pressing the key <+> on the numeric keyboard.

• (Cancel selection) This button cancels the selection of all the items on the list. You can get the same result by pressing the key <-> on the numeric keyboard.

• (Select alphanumeric) This button selects all the items with alphanumeric identifiers on the list.

• (Select the locked) This button selects all the locked items on the list. If you wish to select the unlocked items, select the locked items and by pressing the key <*> on the numeric keyboard replace the locked for the unlocked.

• (Select the positions) This button selects all the positions on the measured data list.

• (Select the orientation) This button selects all the orientation on the measured data list. If you wish to select only the measured points, select by the above method all the stations and orientations, and by pressing the key <*> on the numeric keyboard replace the selecte for the unselected.

• (Delete setting) This button deletes all the settings entered in the selecting dialog window.

After pressing any numeric key in the list, a small window will appear in the left bottom corner where you can enter the number of the searched point. The program will select the first point of the entered number (regardless the prefix). If a point with the entered number is not on the list, the program will select a point with the closest higher number. If you want to select another point of the entered number, press the Down-arrow. The search can be activated also by the command Coordinates->Search for item or Measurement-> Search for item. You can cancel the search window by pressing the key <Esc>.

If you don't use some of the data displayed on the list (e.g. zenith distance, point type, elevation, etc.), using the command List ->Display parameters you can switch off the relevant columns. The display mode is set only for the pertinent list and is imbedded in the file head, so it will be maintained for the next opening. The selection can also be called by right clicking on the file head (not on the colored header with the file name, but on the first line with the column heads). The display mode is respected also when printing

	Tip
	If you want to turn off some of the data permanently for all the files, we recommend creating foundation files, where the pertinent data will be turned off. The setting will be overtaken from the foundation file for each newly created file.

The operations performed on the lists (changes, adding, deleting) can be undo by the command Edit->Undo. The GROMA system stores the information on the changes to the lists in separate buffer storage. This storage is separate for each open list; therefore the operations can be undone independently for each system. The amount of the last stored operation is limited by the size of this buffer storage, which is 256 KB for each file

	Note
	The buffer storage for the undo operation is emptied after re-indexation of the file. That means that after re-indexation of the files, no more previous changes can be undone.

You can drag the data on the list into different data windows using a mouse. You can drag the selected item (the item with the cursor displayed) or an entire block of selected items.

After calling the command Coordinates->Renumber or Measured data-> Renumber a dialog window is displayed for list renumbering.

Change of the number

To change the point number, turn on the number change using the checking window, and enter the first digits of the point.

If you wish that the step in the point number when renumbering the coordinate list to be different than 1, you can enter the required amount in the input window Step. If you enter as the first point number the highest required number, and enter the step -1, the list will be renumbered in descending order from the entered point number (which will also reverse the points order on the list).

In case of the coordinate list, the renumbering can be performed from one file into another one (the points in the old file will remain unchanged, the newly renumbered points will be in the new file), or within one file (the point numbers will be changed).

Besides the standard renumbering, a mask can also be used for the prefix.

	Note
	If, during the coordinate list renumbering, a mask is used in the prefix or in the point number, we recommend performing the renumbering in a new, empty coordinate list. If you chose the renumbering in the original file, a warning with the question if the program shall proceed with the renumbering will be displayed.

	Warning
	After renumbering within one file, the renumeberd file is automatically re-indexed, therefore the renumbering can not be undone using the command Edit->Undo.

Batch changes can also be performed on the coordinate and measured data lists. By the command Coordinates->Batch edit or Measured data->Batch edit a dialog window where you can define changes you want to perform on the list will be displayed.

The dialog window contains a field for each piece of data which can be changed using the batch editing. Each field contains a checking box Change, where you select which data shall be changed by the batch editing. After checking this box, the program will allow you to access the change setting for the pertinent data. You can type in the editing box a constant number or a function which will result in a number value.

Type of change

You can choose under the editing box, what the program shall do with the result of the formula in the case of batch editing. Depending on the data type, the program offers all or some of the following options:

• Set

  The data will be set to the entered value or to the result of the entered formula, regardless of the original data value.

• Multiply

  The original data will be multiplied by the entered value or by the result of the entered formula. If you want to divide the original data, enter the reciprocal value of the coefficient.

• Add

  To the original data value will be added to the entered value or the result of the entered formula. If you want to subtract the entered value, enter it with the opposite sign.

• Remove

  The original data will be removed from the report. In this way you can remove, for example, the target height, etc. The data can be removed from the report also by selecting the option To set and leaving the editing window with the pertinent data empty.

	Note
	Some data (e.g. the coordinates X and Y) are required; therefore they cannot be removed from the list.

The file containing the coordinates is displayed in the form of a list, where only the part you are working with is visible. The cursor is placed on the current line. You can move the cursor using a keyboard or a mouse.

The points on the coordinate lists can be locked against overwriting or deleting. The locking of the point is signalized by a sign of a lock in the left part of the coordinate list (before the point number). The points can be locked in two ways:

The locked points can't be deleted or overwritten. You can change them only by the point editing (for example using the key <Enter>) or after their unlocking. If adding a point with a number which already exists on the list, and if such point is locked, a standard dialog window with information on the coordinate differences is displayed, but only the option to keep the original point on the list without any change is available.

For faster manipulation, the coordinate list is sorted. While the actual coordinate list is physically located on the disc (file .crd), the data on points sorting (file .crx) are loaded in the computer's memory for faster manipulation.

The coordinate list can be sorted in three ways:

Sorting according the prefix and according the point number applies only to the points with numeric identifiers. For the points with alphanumeric identifiers, the prefix or number isn't recognized; these points are sorted alphabetically (similar to a phone book).

The way of sorting can be only set for the GROMA system globally; you can't choose a different sorting method for each list. You can set the sorting method in Settings->Environment.

If more than one coordinate list is open, one of them must be chosen as active. The name of this active file is displayed on the status bar. After launching the program, the coordinate list that is opened first is set as active.

Which coordinate list is active has effect on many other program functions (e.g. on searching and saving the points).

In some cases, it is convenient not to have any of the opened coordinate lists selected as active (e.g. testing calculations, where you do not want to save the results).

Anytime when the program needs coordinates of some point, it tries to find them on the coordinate list. This search always follows the same algorithm, regardless of the reason (by which function) the point is searched. The search method depends on the setting of some environment parameters.

If in the dialog Settings->Environment the option "Search in all the open files" is turned on, the program will search every opened coordinate list. Otherwise it will search only in the active coordinate list.

If in the dialog Settings->Environment the option "Search according to the prefix" is turned on, the program will search for such points where both the number and the prefix agree. Otherwise it ignores the prefix and finds all the points of the pertinent number, regardless their prefix.

Note

If the search according to the prefix is set, the search method is significantly faster than if searching according to numbers (in case of large coordinate lists, the difference can be significantly big). This is caused by the fact that the coordinate list can't contain more points with the same prefix and point number. In addition, the list is primarily sorted according to the prefix and secondarily according to the number; thus, you can use quite a fast algorithm for searching and after finding the point you don't have to continue searching through the list. On the other hand, the list can contain more points with the same number and different prefix (which can be on the list at any place), therefore while searching for the point according to the number the program must always search through the entire list.

In case the program finds more points with different coordinates meeting the criteria, it will display a dialog window with the list of the points (including the file names where the points were found) and lets you select the appropriate point. If you choose from this list the item [None], the program will behave as if it hasn't found any point.

In some calculation functions, the calculated points are automatically stored in the active coordinate list (e.g. the polar survey). If none of the coordinate lists are selected as active, the program itself will not store the point, but you can store it manually by dragging it to any coordinate list. This can be convenient, for example, during testing calculations, where there is no need to store the results.

In the calculation functions, where it is necessary to enter the output file for the calculated coordinates (batch polar survey etc.), the output is automatically set as the active coordinate list at the launch of the calculation (unless you have previously chosen a different file).

if you want to display the points graphically, choose the command Coordinates->Display graphically. The program will open a drawing prescription for the pertinent coordinate list (file .pic). If the file with the drawing prescription doesn't exist, the program will create an empty file.

By the command Coordinates->Sort according to the map lists you will call a dialog window, which will allow you to sort the coordinate list according to the map lists.

How to use this window is described in detail in the Reference Manual.

After calling the command Coordinates->Compare the coordinate lists a dialog window is displayed for the statistical test of the coordinate lists. The program compares two coordinate lists, calculates the coordinates differences for the individual points, estimates of the standard errors and other data. The detail description is in the Reference Manual.

After calling the command Coordinates->Duplicite numbers check a check of the coordinate list will be performed to determine whether it contains any duplicate point numbers. The check result is saved in a report.

After calling the command Coordinates->Remove the identical point a dialog window is displayed which serves to find the points with different numbers but identical (or similar) coordinates. The detailed description is in the Reference Manual.

Using this function, you can check the succession of the point numbers on the coordinate list. The program will check the numbering and display the report with reports on breaks in the numbering.

After calling the command Coordinates->Coordinates rounding a dialog window is displayed to round the entire list (or the selected items) to the determined number of decimal places. A detailed description is described in the Reference Manual.

After calling the command Coordinates->Recover the deleted items a dialog window is displayed which can recover all the items deleted from the list since the last file compression in a new file. A detailed description is in the Reference Booklet.

After calling the command Coordinates->Attach file a dialog window is displayed for the selection of a file. Points from a different list can be added to the existing coordinate list using this window. The imported file can be either in the GROMA system format or in any other format from which GROMA can import points (text file, XML format, etc.).

The GROMA system allows keeping two pairs of coordinates X and Y in the coordinate lists for each point. For example, you can have the coordinates for each point in both the main and local systems or generally in two different systems.

The second coordinate pair is stored on the list using the user information on the point (INFO1 and INFO2). The display mode (name, number of decimal places, etc.) can be set in the information on the file by the command File->Information about the file.

The program always considers the first listed coordinates as the active coordinates, the second pair is considered auxiliary. If you want to start to work with the second pair, it is necessary to replace the main coordinates with the auxiliary. This replacement can be done using the dialog window called by the command Coordinates->Dual coordinates.

The system contains other functions for the work with dual coordinates:

The description of the individual functions is in the Reference Manual.

You can choose a display mode of the measurement list. The program offers the following options:

The display mode detail can be set in two ways:

After calling the command Measured data->Renumbering a dialog window is displayed for renumbering the measured data list. Unlike the coordinate list, the measurement renumbering is performed within one file (it is not necessary to renumber from one file to another). You choose the values to be renumbered in a dialog window (prefix, numbers) and check whether you also want to renumber the orientations and positions. The renumbering is launched by pressing the button (Renumber). If some point numbers repeat on the measured data list, such points will get identical numbers after the renumbering. A report containing a table of the old and new point numbers is displayed after the renumbering.

The GROMA program allows a complete processing of the field book containing the measured values including processing of the measurements in both positions of the binocular, measurements in two directions, etc.

After calling the command Measured data->field book processing a dialog window will display where you can set what changes you require in the field book.

Before the field book calculation, you must first define the theodolite using the command Settings->Theodolite. When defining the theodolite, you will set the tolerance for the measurement difference in the I. and II. positions of the binocular, the difference of the twice measured distance, etc. According to the set tolerances, the individual measurements marked in the report as suspicious or faulty are then performed.

The program is delivered with the predefined theodolite called "Unknown theodolite", in which the implicit tolerances for testing the suspicious and faulty measurements are set.

The information on all the changes in the measured data list is stored in a report. In some cases, it might be convenient to report the changes only in the report, but keep the measured data list in the original condition. In such case, check the option Only in the report, and the program will leave the list unchanged.

Also, you can choose whether to change the entire measured data list or only the selected items.

For the actual field book processing, press the button (Adjust). The program will step by step perform all the selected adjustments.

During the field book calculation, the program follows these rules:

The GROMA system uses orientations marking in some tasks. The orientations are displayed in bold font on the measured data lists and can be located anywhere on the list (not necessarily at the beginning of the station). While importing from the field book format, the program automatically marks the orientations (if the format of the relevant field book allows distinguishing the orientations). The orientation's attribute for the individual points can also be changed using editing. If you want to change this attribute for a larger amount of points, you can use this dialog window.

In the window, you choose which criteria the orientations shall be marked according to and whether the points meeting the determined criteria shall be added to the existing orientations or whether entirely new marking shall be performed (in such case the orientation attribute for all the points is first cancelled).

Using the command Measured data->Merge file, you can merge another measured data list to the end of the open measured data list. You can achieve the same result by opening the second file and copying it using a clipboard into the first one. In this case the new points pasted are to the cursor position instead of the end of the list.

After calling the command Coordinates->Recover the deleted item a dialog window is displayed by which all the items deleted from the list since the last file compression can be recovered into a new file. The detail description is in the Refference booklet.

You can start a new project using the command File->New and choosing the file type Project. After creating a new project an empty window will open where you can add files related to the project.

Files can be added in two ways:

In the window with the project a tree structure is displayed where the files are arranged according to type. Any file can be opened by double clicking on its name on the list with the mouse. The window with the file will be opened in such place and in such size as it had when closed for the last time.

If the file you want to add to the project is in the same directory as the project itself, it will be added to the project just by using its name, not the full path. The entire project with the data files can be then moved to a different directory or to another disc and the data files will still open accordingly. But if the added file is located in a different directory than the project, it will be added with its full path and, if later moved, it will not be possible to open it from the project.

If you want to remove some file from the project, select its name on the file list and remove it by us-ing the command Project->Remove file.

A new project can be saved by using the command File->Save or File->Save as. The standard project file extension is .prj.

The paths to the individual files in the project are saved relative to the location of the file with the project. Therefore, if the project with the related files is transferred somewhere else and the relative location of the files to the project is maintained, nothing has to be changed and everything will work well even at the new location.

	Important
	The relative paths can be used in case the data files are located on the same device as the file with the project (e.g. everything on the disc C:).

The entire desktop of the GROMA system is refreshed when opening a project, i.e. all the windows which were open while the previous project was closing are opened.

Along with the files list, also part of the GROMA system settings are also saved in the project, therefore you can have different settings for different projects. It regards the following settings:

Also, the list of the last opened files abvailable at File is saved in the project.

The point code can be formed by any alphanumeric string up to the maximum length of 20 characters. Twenty characters are fully sufficient to allow unique point identification and does not cause a significant increase in the volume of the coordinate files. The GROMA program transfers the codes for all the outputs to the descriptions (e.g. for an automatic placement of marks) pursuant to the attached Code table.

The code table is a simple text file where the individual codes are assigned corresponding descriptions. The structure of a code file is clear from the below example:

1=Building
2=Fence
3=Tree
4=Post
5=Lamp
6=Pole
7=Beacon
8=Entrance
9=Orientation
10=PBBP
11=Nivelation mark
12=Wall above
13=Wall down
14=Road

In this code file, only numeric codes were used, but generally the codes can be formed by any alphanumeric signs.

In addition, the code table can contain these special items:

The code tables are stored in text files with the implicit extension .cod. You can create an arbitrary amount of code tables for various purposes. The GROMA program uses the table which is currently attached. If no table attached, the program displays the original codes.

If you wish to work with a specific code table, you have to attach it first. You can attach a code table using a command (Attach) in the dialog window Settings->Coding. After pressing this table, the program will offer you all the code tables found in the current directory. After selecting and attaching the table the pertinent descriptions are immediately displayed in the opened coordinate lists and lists of the measured values instead of their codes.

If you wish the program to display the codes again, you can separate the attached code table by using the button (Separate).

If you want to edit the code table, you can open it directly in the GROMA system as a text file. The easiest way to open a file is using the button (Edit) in Settings->Coding. The changes performed in the code table are displayed immediately after you save the table on the disc (the command File->Save). The code table is a common text file, therefore, it can be edited by any text editor.

The system allows using multiple codes on one point. The codes must be separated by the so called code separator (one character - usually a space or coma). This separator is set in Settings->Coding: Code separator. Then all the partial point codes are transferred to the description. If some of the partial codes are not found in the code table, it will be displayed without the transcript to the description. The individual descriptions are separated on the list by a space. If you want to separate them by a different sign of a character sequence, list them in the code table as the item @Separator="xx", where xx is a sequence of the separating characters.

For example, if there is a code "1 2" by the point, when using the above described example code table, a description "Building Fence" would show. If the code table doesn't contain the item "1=Building", a description "1 Fence" would show. If, in addition, there is a line

@Separator=", "

The final code would look like this: "1, Fence".

If there is a code in the report which is not listed in the code table, the program will not transfer it and will show it as registered. If you do not wish to display the codes which were not found in the code table, you can add in it a row

@Default=""

By this row you decide which description shall be written instead of the codes not found in the code table. The unknown code will be skipped if nothing is written between the quotes. If you write in quotes any arbitrary text, the unknown code will be replaced by this text.

The items on the coordinate list and measured data lists can be selected according to their codes. It is necessary to keep in mind that the program treats the codes as text, even if you only use digits. For example, if you choose to select all the items with the code from 5 to 59, the items with the code 8 (text starting with the character "8" is bigger than the text starting with the character "5") will be selected.

When entering a point code in any dialog window, a button with three dots is displayed next to the editing box. After pressing this window, the program displays a complete list of the descriptions from the attached code table so you can choose the code according to the description.

If you register descriptions of more characters, the GROMA program allows their transfer to up to twenty-characters codes with which it internally works. It automatically transfers the internal codes back to notes on all outputs (screen, text files, etc.)

The codes to which the descriptions shall be transferred are defined using the code table. The same code table can also be used to transfer the codes to the descriptions, which ensures the preventing of the original descriptions, or you can use a different table for the output.

If you want to transfer the descriptions to codes, you have to attach the pertinent code table and turn on the item Recode while import on the code table in the dialog window Settings->Environment. The program transfers all the descriptions to the codes according to the attached table, and if some of the descriptions are not found in the table, it will display an error message.

The calculation dialog windows are non-modal. You can open more of them at once, and leave them open, if you want to work with different parts of the GROMA system. You can switch between the individual editing boxes in the dialog window using the keys <Tab>, <Shift-Tab>, <Up-arrow>, <Down-arrow> or <Enter>.

The calculation windows consist of several areas, usually framed. They always have an area for entering the data, area for results, and the area with buttons. More complex windows can contain even more areas (plot orientation, coordinate list, etc.) and eventually bookmarks with other hidden parts of the window. Managing the calculations is, with only a few exceptions, identical, therefore we will describe in detail only the polar survey calculation. For other calculations will be described only the differences from the standard procedure.

	Tip
	After pressing the key <+> or <-> in the point number box (if filled in), the number will be increased/decreased by one. This applies for all the boxes for point number input.

The data can be entered in a dialog window in two ways:

The coordinates of the calculated points can be stored on the coordinate list by dragging with a mouse.

Before initiating the calculation, by the command Tools->Check drawing you can display a dialog window where, immediately after finishing any calculation the check drawing of the configuration of the set and calculated values will be displayed. The input points are black, the measured and calculated values red. The check drawing window is non-modal; therefore, it can be permanently open. Its position and size can be changed as needed. You can display individual points in it by dragging with a mouse from the coordinate list or from the calculation windows. Check drawing is described in detail in the manual under the topic Plug-ins.

For some calculations, the GROMA program can estimate the accuracy of the result, for example, accord-ing to geometrical parameters (configuration), according to the adjustments (for predestinated calculations), etc.

To control the parameters for each calculation would be labored and tedious. That's why the GROMA program allows automatic comparison of some of the parameters with the preset tolerances. If the preset tolerance is exceeded, the program displays a warning and allows the user to either proceed with the calculation or to terminate it.

The user can define the individual tolerance sets. According to the required accuracy, he then chooses the right set which will be thereafter used in the program.

The tolerances are set in the dialog window Settings->Tolerance. Here you can also select the active tolerance set.

You can turn off the tolerance testing by selecting the set name [Do not test].

Besides testing the tolerances defined by the user, you can also test the deviations and parameters pursuant to the regulations for the work in the cadastre of real estates. This testing can be turned on in the dialog window for tolerance definition. If you turn these tests on, the GROMA system will compare in some calculations the achieved deviations with the limit deviations and the real geometric parameters of the figures with the limit allowed parameters. If the calculation meets the requirements for the work in the cadastre of real estates, a conclusion on complying with the requirements is written in the report. If the calculation does not comply, a dialog window with the overreached parameter is displayed and the test result is written in the report.

The following parameters are tested:

The GROMA program has built in one universal transformation of coordinates used by all the calculation jobs which need the transformation.

In some tasks (e.g. polar method, intersection from directions, free station, transit traverse), it is necessary to perform the orientation of the set of horizontal direction. The orientation method is always the same, regardless of the task.

You can proceed in two ways: You can fill in the orientations individually or you can let the program orient the set automatically.

Orientations weight

When orienting the set, you can merge the weights of the individual directions in the calculation. The weights can be set in the program configuration (Settings->Calculations). You can choose from three standard settings:

• 1

  Weights of all the measured directions are 1. This calculation was used in the previous versions of the GROMA system.

• 1/s

  For the individual directions, the weights calculated from the relation

  p = 1/s

  are used where s is distance to the orientation point.

• s/1000

  For the individual directions the weights determined from the relation

  p = s/1000

  are used where s is distance to the orientation point.

• User settings

  Besides these three predefined options, in the input line for the weight can be written any function containing the parameter s.

	Note
	When selecting a predefined weights, notice how changes the function for the weight calculation in the input box.

The number values of the individual weights can be found in the report on orientation of the set of directions.

The Polar method dialog serves to manually calculate the point coordinates measured by the polar method.

Before the calculation of the measured points, you first have to enter the station coordinates and orient the set of horizontal directions.

Similar points

If you have oriented the set of horizontal directions, you can use the bookmark Calculated point switch to the second part of the dialog window, and start to calculate the measured points. The data can be filled in manually in the editing windows or mouse-dragged from the list. If an active coordinate list is chosen, the calculated points are automatically stored in it. If you don't want to store them, you have to cancel the active list (command File->Active coordinatess list, item [None]). If you don't have an active coordinate list set (or if you want to store the point on another list and eventually use it in other calculation window as an input data) you can mouse-drag it in the same way as you drag the points from the coordinate lists.

If you want to calculate the coordinates of more point at the same time, you can select such points on the measured data list and drag the entire selected block at a time.

	Note
	During this calculation method, the selected block must not reach the next station because this job can't automatically perform new set orientation. In case you want to calculate more stations at a time, use Batch Polar Method.

If you mouse-drag the data, the coordinates will be calculated immediately after the drag. If you enter the data from a keyboard, you have to press the button (Calculation) (can be pressed from anywhere by the key <Alt-V>).

Before the calculation of the detail points measured by the orthogonal method, you must first deter-min a transformation key using a similar procedure as for the orientation of the sets of horizontal directions in the polar method. For each point you want to use for determination of the transformation key, enter the coordinates in the entry lines under Identical points in the main and local systems (perpendicular and stationing) and add it to the list of identical points using the button (Add).

If there are at least two identical points on the list, the program will automatically calculate the transformation key and the coordinate corrections on each point. At the same time, it displays the correction of the length between the first two identical points (the difference of the length determinated from the coordinates and from the perpendicular and from the stationing). The maximum number of the identical points is not limited.

You can control the transformation key by pressing the button (Key). From the dialog window displayed by the program (it is identical for all kinds of transformations) you will probably only be interested in the part Scale coefficients (in this case a similarity transformation is used, both scale coefficients are therefore identical). This window contains the buttons (Load key) and (Save key). Using these buttons you can save the entered transformation key to the file for further use or load the previously defined key from the file.

In the calculation dialog window, the adjustment of the distance of the measuring line is automatically displayed. If more than two identical points are entered, or if it is not a free measuring line, then the adjustment of the distance of the measuring line is deemed the difference of the distances between the first two identical points.

After determining the transformation key, you can calculate the individual points in the usual way. If you have selected any of the coordinate lists as active, the program automatically stores the calculated points in it. If you do not want to save them, you have to cancel the active list before the calculation (command File->Active coordinatess list, item [None]). If you do not have an active coordinate list set (or if you also wish to save the point in another list, eventually to use it in other calculation window as an input data), you can mouse-drag it in the same way you drag the points form the coordinate lists.

By the button (New line)), you delete the content of the entire dialog window, and you can calculate another line.

	Tip
	If calculating more points, and if you have the possibility to import their perpendiculars and stationing in some way to the coordinate list, you can use the coordinates' transformation for the calculation.

This job processes the entire measured data list or its part in a batch. It can calculate the point coordinates with the polar method, free station method, and intersection by angle. If you wish to use only some of these methods in the batch calculation, you can turn off the individual methods in the program configuration (Settings->Calculations). It can be useful, for example, in case a measurement from an unknown station appears on the list, and further for survey by radius bar. If all the calculation jobs are turned on, the program will try to determine the coordinates of the unknown station as a free station. If you turn off the free station job for the batch calculations, the program will skip this station during the first execution (its coordinates will not be determinated) and later determine them by the radius bar. The next time it will calculate the points measured from it.

If you are unable to calculate some points (e.g. if the station coordinates can't be determined, etc.), no information on the reason the calculation couldn't be performed will be written in the report.

This job processes the entire list of the measured orthogonal data or its part in a batch.

This job calculates the coordinates of the station where the directions or directions and distances to the known points were measured. If only the directions were measured, the coordinates of the station are calculated by backward intersection with leveling using the SSM; if only the lengths measured also, the program will calculate the coordinates using the Helmert transformation. In this case, you can view the resulting transformation key after pressing the button (Key)

After the calculation, the program will display the direction adjustments on the coordinate list, eventually, the program will also display the distances to the orientation directions.

Important

If for some points, both directions and lengths were measured, and for others only the directions, the program will calculate the missing lengths from the measured data and further use them for the actual calculation of the free station. If you don't want the program to calculate the missing lengths, you can turn off this feature in Settings->Calculations. The most correct way of calculation of such a free station is, from the mathematical point of view, calculation using the balancing of the non-uniform measurements based on the standard error of directions and lengths. This option is provided in the demo version of the module for balancing the plannimetric nets, which is a standard part of the GROMA system. This demo version allows exact balancing of the free station with an arbitrary number of orientations. To allow the calculation, all the orientations must have set the feature Permanently marked point and the recognized point the feature Free (demo version allows recognition of only two unknowns).

The dialog window also allows the calculation of the so called radius bar with orientation on the recognized point ( on a free station the direction and length to one orientation point and only the direction to the second orientation point is measured). However, at certain coordinates ambiguity of the calculation occurs (the configuration has two solutions). In such a case, the program allows you to choose one of both possible solutions. The correct solution can also be chosen based on the check drawing.

In this dialog window the point coordinates can be calculated by intersection by distance. The inputs are entered in the same way as in any other job.

The calculation of the coordinates by intersection by distance is ambiguous (the task has two solutions, symmetrical to the base). Therefore, when giving the task, it is necessary to abide the convention prescribed by the description of the dialog window (left station - right station looking to-wards the calculated point). You can control the position of the calculated point using the check drawing.

If the entered data does not meet the condition of a triangular inequality, the program will display the error message Insolvable configuration.

If a minimum intersection angle is set in the selected tolerance set, the program will compare it with the real angle and, if necessary, it will display an error message.

This job serves to calculate the coordinates by intersection by oriented directions.

Before the calculation, you have to orient the sets on both stations using the method described in the polar method. In the dialog window, data on only one station is always displayed; you can switch to the other one by pressing the button (Station A/B). If both the sets are oriented, you can calculate the individual calculated points by dragging the measured directions from the measured data lists, and pressing the but-ton (calculation).

If a minimum angle is set in the selected toleration set, the program will compare it with the real angle and, if necessary, it will display an error message.

The job serves to calculate the coordinates by batch intersection by oriented directions.

The entry procedure is similar as for the task Intersection by oriented directions. The difference is that in this job you can also enter, along with the orientation points, the measured point (you do not have to enter the coordinate orientation for all the entered directions). You separately enter the orientations for stations A and B. You can switch between the stations using the button (Station A/B).

In this job you can again use the automatic directions input when orienting the sets. If you mouse-drag from the measured data list a station (line with the red number of the station), to the calculation window in the area for orientation of the directions of sets, the program will automatically load all the measured directions on the list. If the program finds the pertinent coordinates of the orientation points on the lists, it will consider them orientations; the directions without coordinates will be considered calculated points.

It is easy to distinguish the orientations from the calculated points because a checking on/off box is displayed next to the orientations. If the orientation of the set has been calculated, then there are also angle deviations displayed.

If you enter the orientations and the determined points in this way for both stations, you can initiate the calculation of the coordinates of the determined points by using the button (Calculation). The program goes step by step through both lists of the determined points and searches for the points of identical numbers. If it finds such a pair, it calculates the coordinates of the point by forward intersection by oriented directions. If the zenith distances, or exaggeration are also entered, the program will automatically calcu-late the point height. If the zenith distances, or exaggeration, are measured from both stations, the height will be calculated twice. In such a case, two heights, their difference and the average height will appear in the record.

The calculated points can be placed on the list in arbitrary order, the only condition is that the point numbers from measurements from both stations must be identical. If there are points entered on one of the stations which were not entered on the second station, the program will ignore them during the calculation.

You can drag the result coordinates onto the list using a mouse in the same way as in either job. After the transfer, point with the mouse in the result part of the calculation window (but not on the actual list of the calculated points).

Before the calculation, you have to orient the sets on both stations in the same way as described in detail in the polar method. In the dialog window the data on only one station is always displayed, you can switch to the other station by pressing the button (Station A/B). If both sets are oriented, you can calculate the individual determined points by dragging the measured directions from the measured data list and pressing the button (Calculation).

If the minimum angle of intersection is in the selected tolerance set, the program will compare it with the real angle and display a warning message if needed.

After entering four points, the program will calculate the coordinates of their intersection and de-scribes the information containing its position (whether it lies on one of the entered lines or on both).

If the minimum intersection is in the chosen tolerance set for the intersection, the program will com-pare it with the real angle and display a warning message if necessary.

This function serves to calculate the coordinates of the intersection of a line and circle. The line is de-fined by two end points, the circle by three points.

Define the circle by entering three points (from keyboard or mouse-dragging) in the section Circle. After entering each of the points, press the button to enter the next point.

Then enter both end points of the line into the section Line.

If you enter the number of a calculated point and press the button (Calculation), the program will calculate the coordinates of the intersection. Depending on the configuration, there can be two, one or any intersections (we are using a line, not an abscissa). The calculated intersections will be displayed on the check drawing. Active (i.e. the one which is selected in the calculation window) is displayed in red. The eventual second solution is in green color.

The calculated coordinates can be mouse-dragged onto the list.

The dialog window Transit traverse allows the calculation of all kinds of traverses and eventually their storage on the disc or loading from the disc.

The dialog window consists of five parts which can be chosen by selecting a bookmark.

Measured data

After entering the orientations, enter the measured data one by one. Add or remove items from the list using the buttons (Add) and (Remove).

	Important
	For the simplicity of entering, both start and end points of the traverse, for all the traverse types, are entered on the measured data list, even if there were no values measured (e.g. the fixed transit traverse without orientation).

For the measured points, enter the measured direction and the backward distance, the measured direction and the forward distance, and the station number. If the distances are measured in both directions, the program will calculate the average value and put the difference in the report. If measured only in one direction, it doesn't matter if you enter the distance of the point as the forward distance or from the next point as the backward distance.

At the start point, if measured on it, you enter only the forward distance. The program calculates the orientation of the set (i.e. the zero direction bearing) using a separate orientation of set of directions on the start point (see above).

On the end point, if measured there, you enter only the backward direction, similarly to the start point.

Results

In this window section the results are displayed. There is a coordinate list of the result points and the information on the achieved deviations. This section of the window also contains the selection of the adjustment type and the button for the height calculation.

The program allows two types of adjustment:

• Standard

• Transformation

Closed traverse

The program also allows the calculation of the closed traverse, even if this type of traverse is very unsuitable in terms of adjustment. The closed traverse is entered in the same way as fixed bilateral oriented traverse. If the start and end points are identical, it is necessary to enter the orientation of the set of directions for both points. The program indicates the adjusted input of the closed traverse by displaying the Closed traverse type. This traverse type can't be adjusted by transformation for the reason of identity of the end points.

If you are content with the calculated coordinates, you can drag them from the list into any arbitrary window with a coordinate list. In the same way, it is possible to drag a transit traverse into a window with a project. Only a traverse which has already been assigned a file name can be added to a project (i.e. a traverse which has been already stored in a file, or which was loaded from a file).

	Important
	When dragging, you must point anywhere in the section Results other than the point list.

Input / Output

This section of the window contains the input line for the traverse name and the buttons for reading and writing the traverse.

Reading the traverse from the field book

Besides manual entry, the program also offers the option to read the measured data for the transit traverse from the field book. If you want to use this option, follow the steps below:

• Open the field book in which the transit traverse was measured. If the measurement is stored in more files, merge them by the command Measured data->Attach file or by copying in the clipboard. Open the coordinate list (lists) with the end points.

• Activate the measured data list (e.g. by mouse-pointing on any arbitrary item.).

• Press the button (Load from the field book) in the dialog window to calculate the transit traverse.

• A dialog window with the list of all the stations from the measurement list will display.

  If there was a measurement on the start point of the traverse (free traverse, one-side or both sides oriented), it will be shown on this list. Select it with the mouse and press the button (Add).

  If there was no measurement on the start point (fixed traverse), type its number in the editing window for the point number and press the button (Add).

  If there were more measurements on some of the stations, the number of the station will be listed more times. The individual positions of the instrument are identified by the order number at the end of the point number after the point (e.g. 5001.1, 5001.2, etc.).

• The program adds the points on the traverse point list and offers the list of the stations the traverse can pass through. The program will offer as other stations all those stations which were measured from the previous traverse point and from which the previous point was measured as the orientation.

  If only one point meets the conditions, the program will automatically add it on the traverse point list. If more points meet the conditions, the program will offer you their list to select.

• Enter the entire transit traverse in this way. If there was no measurement on the end point of the traverse (one-side oriented traverse or without orientation), enter the number of the end point in the editing window and add it to the list using the button (Add).

• When the entire transit traverse is entered, press the (OK) button. The program will add all the data from the measured data list and from the coordinate list in the dialog window for the transit traverse calculation. Before the calculation, be sure that all the data were entered correctly.

When all the input values are entered, you can initiate the calculation by pressing the button (Calculation). The program will calculate the coordinate of the transit traverse points, display them on the list Results, and inform you of the achieved deviations. If the traverse was adjusted by transformation, you can look at its parameters by pressing the button (Key).

Writing and reading the traverse

You can store the entered transit traverse in a file by pressing a button (Write traverse to file). The previously written traverse can be read from the file by pressing the button (Read traverse from file).

The dialog window serves to calculate a height traverse. The window appearance and entering is similar as for the transit traverse, but you enter only the data necessary for height calculation. The position calculation is not performed.

This window allows the batch transformation of the point coordinates from the coordinate list. You can transform either the entire list or only the selected points. The transformation methods are described in the chapter Coordinates transformation

Identical points

Before initiating the coordinate's transformation, you must first define the transformation key. As in any other job, add all the identical points with their coordinates in both systems on the list. The program automatically recalculates the transformation key and displays the coordinate's adjustments on the individual points. The identical points can be added or removed from the list arbitrarily.

The number of the identical points is unlimited.

	Note
	The transformation key is calculated using the least squares method by the iteration method. If there is too much dissonance in both systems, the iteration process might not convert the adjusted value to the result. This applies on all the other jobs which are solved using the coordinate's transformation.

The dialog window serves to calculate the bearing and distance from the point coordinates. The control is identical to controlling the other jobs.

Besides the bearing and the distance, you can also calculate the spatial distance, slope in degrees, and slope in percents. To calculate this data, you have to enter both end points, including their heights.

This dialog window serves to calculate the check distances from the coordinates and to compare them with measured values. The controlling is the same as controlling of other jobs.

In the dialog window, enter the point coordinates and the distances from the previous point one by one. The program displays and stores the point list, the distances measured and calculated from the coordinates and their differences in the report.

	Tip
	By pressing the key <Enter> on the input line with the distance, the program will automatically add the entered data on the list and set the line with the point number as active for the next input.

	Tip
	If you leave the box for the measured distance empty, or if you enter instead of the measured distance 0, the check distance will not be controlled and the text "Can not be measured" will appear in the report.

After entering the point, the program will calculate the check distance from the coordinates and display it in the editing window.

If you want to control the check distances of the entire file, after the calculation press the button (Add to file). The displayed check distances will be added to the check distance list in the below described job Check distance list (if the job has not been open yet, the program will open it automatically).

The dialog window serves to test the entire file of the check distances at once. The individual check distances are added in the window from the job <check distances> by pressing the button (Add to file).The individual check distances can be removed by the button (Remove). After pressing the button (Calculation) the program processes the entire file of the check distances and stores the result (the real and limit differences and the final file evaluation) in the report. The entire file can be stored on the disc after pressing the button (Save) and later loaded from the disc by the button (Read).

In this job, you can calculate the coordinates of the points measured by using the construction distances.

Enter the measured points, their perpendiculars, or their coordinates one by one onto the list in the upper section of the dialog window. The perpendiculars on the right from the previous connecting line are positive; the perpendiculars on the left are negative. The program ignores the perpendicular at the first point (it implicitly offers the value zero). When adding the points, the program instantly calculates their coordinates.

If you want to add a new point to the list (e.g. a point skipped by accident when entering), using the cursor, select the item in front of which you want to insert the new point and add the point in the usual way.

Between the measured points must be at least two points with known coordinates. These points can be at any position among the measured points (they do not have to be at the end or at the beginning). The maximum number of identical points is not limited.

The point coordinates are determined using similarity transformation.

Important

If there are too many identical points (three and more), the transformation will not identify both systems in the identical points; therefore, the calculation will change the coordinates of the identical points. You are informed about this when storing the calculated points (if you store them on the list where the identical points are already) - the program will notify you that the points already exist on the list and will display the differences between the original and new coordinates.

You can store the calculated coordinates in an arbitrary list by mouse-dragging them from the calculated data list (you have to point the mouse cursor anywhere in the section with the results except the calculated values list).

	Tip
	When pressing the <Enter> key on the input line with the distance, the program automatically adds the entered data to the list and sets the line with the point number as active for the next entry.

In this job, you can determine the coordinates of the perpendicular projection of a point to a line (foot of the perpendicular projected from the entered point to a line).

Enter the coordinates of the start and end points of the line and the coordinates of the adjusted point in the calculation window. The program will project a normal line from the adjusted point to the entered line, calculate the coordinates of the intersection of the normal line and the entered line (foot of the perpendicular), and calculate the distance of the projected point from this intersection (distance of the point from the entered line).

The calculated foot of the perpendicular can be transferred to the coordinate list in the usual way.

This dialog window allows calculating the areas from the point coordinates. The points are entered on the list in the same way as in the other jobs. If the point coordinates are mouse-dragged, the program will add them automatically without pressing the button (Add). If you select the break points on the coordinate list (and if they are in the adjust order), you can drag them all at once as a block (using the middle mouse button).

You can sum or subtract in the bottom part of the dialog window using the buttons (+) and (-). The register for adding can be set to zero by pressing the button (Delete).

You can use the check drawing module to check the area prescription.

	Tip
	When pressing <Enter> on the input line with the point number, the program automatically adds it to the list and finds the coordinates.

You can store the area prescription in the file by pressing the button (Save). You can upload it from the file using the button (read). If the program loads the previously entered area prescription from a file, it uploads it with the entered coordinates. If you have meanwhile changed the coordinates, you can replace the original coordinates with the actual ones by pressing the button (Update coordinate) When using this function, be sure that the program will be able to find the point coordinates (the relevant coordinate list must be opened with the point search mode which allows the program to find the required coordinates).

Polar staking-out can be calculated for individual points or for a batch. For both types of calculation, it is first necessary to enter the coordinates of the station and orientation.

More orientations can be used for the calculation. In such a case, it is necessary to enter all the orientations step by step, including the orientation directions, and add them to the orientation list. The orientation can be mouse-dragged from the coordinate list.

	Warning
	The calculated distances are automatically adjusted by the set scale to represent the real distances in the field, not the distorted distances in the plane of projection. Therefore, it is necessary to set the correct scale coefficient for the relevant area.

Before the calculation, choose the type of staking-outs:

This dialog window serves for calculation of the orthogonal staking-outs of the individual points. If you want to calculate more points, you can use the coordinate's transformation.

Enter the input values in the same way as in other calculation jobs. First enter the line end points, then enter the individual staking-out points. You can drag the individual points or the entire blocks of the selected points from the coordinate lists. If you drag an entire block of points, only the staking-outs for the last point will remain in the dialog window, but all of them are stored in the report.

In the report, the staking-outs of the identical points are always stored first, followed by the individual staking-out points. Besides the perpendicular and stationing, a residual distance, which is the stationing from the line end point, is also calculated.

	Warning
	The calculated perpendiculars and stationing are automatically adjusted by the set scale to represent the real distances in the field, not the distorted distance in the projection plane. It is necessary to set the correct scale for the pertinent area.

In this job, you can calculate the trace determined by the lines sequence. The job will calculate the segment distances, bearings, angles, and the horizontal difference between the points.

In addition, the coordinates of the margined points are calculated when the distance is entered for the margin.

The input values are entered in the same way as in other calculation jobs. Enter the individual trace points one by one and add them to the list using the button (Add). You can drag the individual points or the entire groups of selected points from the coordinate lists.

After entering the entire trace press the button (Calculation) and the program will calculate the trace elements. If you have the check drawing turned on, the trace will also be displayed. The calculated trace elements are written in the report.

If you have also entered the trace margin, you can choose how the new points shall be numbered. You can leave the original numbers to the margined points and only add different prefix, or you can number them differently - continuously (first the points on the left, then on the right), or in turns. After the calculation, you can store the points by mouse-dragging them onto the coordinate list (you have to point anywhere in the result section with the mouse cursor except for editing boxes).

This dialog window serves for calculating the cubic volume using the triangle method. Enter the points of the individual triangles in the dialog window one by one. If entered the entire triangle, press the button (Add) and the entered triangle will be added on the triangle list. Before the calculation, you have to enter the height of the comparing plane, from which the cubic volume shall be calculated, and the description of the cubic volume (for writing in the report). After pressing the button (Calculation), the program will calculate the cubic volume; if the check drawing is on, the program displays the triangle net.

This dialog window serves for individual trigonometric calculation of the station height. Its control is the same as a window for the free station, but you enter only the data for the height calculation (station's coordinates, coordinates of the instrument height and the heights of the orientations, height of the targets on the orientations and horizontal difference or the zenith distances).

This dialog window allows entering both the zenith distances (Z) and horizontal difference (dH), enter only the available data for each orientation.

This job works the same as the batch polar method, but for the measured points with known coordinates only calculates the heights. The operation is the same as for the batch polar method.

This job serves to connect the change in the KM-D in the existing point.

Enter the coordinates of the existing point n both systems, the coordinates of the new point, and the measured connection line between both points in the dialog window. After pressing the button (Add) the program will add the point on the point list, it will calculate all the required deviations and creates a report on assigning the change pursuant the rules.

This job serves to connect the change in KM-D in a new point.

Enter the coordinates of the existing point n both systems, the coordinates of the new point, and the measured connection line between both points in the dialog window. After pressing the button (Add) the program will add the point on the point list, it will calculate all the required deviations and creates a report on assigning the change pursuant the rules.

This calculation allows batch calculation of text file in MAPA2 format

The system supports two jobs:

The calculation process:

The input file can contain an arbitrary number of individual jobs. The jobs are processed one by one, in the order they are entered in the file.

Unlike in the batch polar method, only one iteration through the file is performed. It is presumed that all the pertinent points used in the jobs headers are already known at the time when needed for the calculation (from the previous calculations or from the input coordinate list).

512
360607101
660205
1
3
0
0

1  6600004059
6600004055 68.32 0. 
6600000548 93.39 201.433 
0924222160 0. 105.01  
6600004064 82.33 325.943 
6600004065 30.15 215.670 
-1
6600004066 18.25 231.754  
6600004067 48.22 320.479 
1 13.74 275.01 
2 19.52 244.74 
3 16.77 287.41 
4 21.68 290.175 
5 28.67 291.44 
6 24.29 290.17 : 0. -0.15
7 27.55 305.12
8 22.23 229.19
9 29.28 228.40
10 8.10 260.83
11 7.16 282.34
12 8.71 306.23
13 12.71 314.10
14 9.82 300.33
15 27.95 312.26 : 1.05 -0.35
16 37.01 318.25
/
1 6600004066
6600004059 18.26 0.
-1
19 10.93 215.35
20 15.48 233.25
21 20.10 234.07
22 13.40 249.67 : 1.62 0.
9 11.08 191.09
2 4.01 286.33
23 13.27 258.11
24 17.32 258.07
/
-2

512
360600102
430114  
1
3
0
0

0 4300000517 0. 0.
4300005001 63.72 0.
4300000518 125.57 0.
-1
1 0.52 3.10
2 10.73 2.03
3 22.86 -8.90
4 32.42 -7.27
5 43.86 -7.18
6 45.62 2.86
7 52.77 -10.46
8 53.72 -6.77
9 57.13 -6.73
10 58.91 -10.22
/

0 4300005012 0. 0.
4300000517 101.89 0.
-1
44 35.73 9.70
45 45.52 10.91
46 54.83 5.11
47 57.23 3.12
48 61.20 -2.19
49 61.20 -4.40
50 98.55 10.37
51 37.85 -5.26
52 38.32 -11.30
/
-2

After calling the command Settings->Theodolite you can define an arbitrary number of theodolites, which you use for measuring, with their features and instrument errors.

These defined theodolites can be used for processing the measured data lists Field book processing).

First, enter the theodolite name in the dialog window, and then enter all its features (instrument errors and tolerances). If you don't know the instrument errors, set them first as zero and you can adjust them after the first few calculations according to the results from the report.

The program uses the set tolerances and instrument errors for the batch processing of the field book by the command Measured data->Field book processing.

The program is shipped with a pre-defined theodolite with the name "Unknown theodolite". In its definition the implicit tolerances for testing the suspicious and faulty measurements are set.

The theodolite setting is described in detail in the Reference manual.

To open a report, proceed in the same way as when opening any other data file. The only difference compared to the other file types is that no more than one report can be open at a time.

Before opening a report, you can choose in the dialog window Settings->Environment whether you want to use the internal editor of the GROMA program for editing or an external editor.

External editor

If you choose to edit the report using an external editor, only the report icon will display on the desktop of the main program window after opening the report. You can work with it normally, store in the reports using the button from the toolbar, move the icon, etc. To edit the entire report, choose items to recover the window on the icon (double click on the icon, using the menu) and the GROMA program will automatically launch the chosen external editor.

	Note
	Only one external editor can run at a time. After it is launched, you can switch to the GROMA program, but a warning is displayed with an attempt to re-launching the editor indicating that the previously launched editor must be first closed.

An editing window is displayed after opening a report – with outputs from the previous calculations, or empty if you created a new report. The text can be edited using the common editing keys, you can move or copy blocks of text to other applications, etc.

The program works with calculation reports on two levels. One level is a local report, which always contains the output form the last processed job; the second level is the main report, where the individual local reports are stored.

This process of storing the reports was chosen because it is often convenient to have the calculation data available without the need to automatically store them in the final report. When the calculation results are automatically stored, the report often contains a large amount of unnecessary or faulty data (from the failed or test calculations, etc.) which has to be deleted at the end.

A local report is created for each individual calculation. You can view the local reports after pressing the button (Report) in any calculation dialog window; the program opens the dialog window with the local protocol. This window is non-modal, you can leave it open and change its position and size. If you leave it open, the entire local report changes display automatically during calculations. To delete them, press the button (Empty). If you are satisfied with the report content, save it in the main report by pressing the button (Save) or use the button on the toolbar. In case you do not have a main report opened yet, the program first displays a dialog window for its opening. If you do not open the main report now, the program will not save the local report.

There is always only one local report and it always contains the output from the last calculation. If you do not save it in the main report, it will be overwritten with by next calculation.

To extract the coordinate list (or its part) in a report, you can proceed in one of the below ways:

In both cases, the coordinate list will be created in the local report; you can save it to the main report in the same way as the calculation reports (as described above).

To extract a measured data list (or part of it) into a report, you can proceed in the same way as for the coordinate list. The measured data list will be extracted into the report in the pre-defined text format. At the beginning of the file, the data from the file header will be listed (file name, description, scale, etc.). Then, the measured data will be listed. The stations are separated with a line, the station numbers are marked with an asterisk, the orientations with a dash.

The measured data list is created in the local report for the coordinate list. You can save it to the main report in the same way as the calculation reports.

In the reports, the program uses the code on page 1250 Latin-2 for the Czech, specific for MS Windows. If you want to process the reports in a different way than in the GROMA program, you might need some other coding for the Czech language. That's why the program allows setting a different coding page for saving in a file. When reading the report, the coding is transferred back in the coding page 1250 Latin-2 for Windows, however in the disc file, the text is saved in the chosen code. The program allows these code pages to be set:

	Warning
	Coding to the code page 437 is irreversible because all the Czech characters are transferred to their equivalents without the diacritical marks. When opened the next time, the file contains only the ASCII standard characters.

In the dialog window Settings->protocol various parameters influencing the work with reports can be set (storing the input point's coordinates, Czech coding for writing on the disc, print and screen font, etc.). The detailed description is in the Reference manual.

The graphic files (.pic), ) in which the graphics are saved contain only the drawing prescription (information on the graphic elements and numbers of their end points). Such graphic files have certain advantages and disadvantages.

If you want to open a graphic or the coordinate list for the first time, choose the item Coordinates->Display graphics from the menu. The program will try to find the graphic file pertinent to the selected coordinate list (.pic)) in the pertinent directory. If such a file doesn't exist, the program will create it.

At the next opening, you can already select from the list after setting the file to "Graphics".

After the first opening of a graphic window, all the points are displayed to best fill the desktop window. To manipulate the projection, use the commands from the menu Plan and the button from the toolbar. You can move the projection using the bars in the right and bottom part of the window.

Due to the nature of the graphics, the program only allows placement of the graphic elements on the currently existing points. You can "snap" to a point using the left or central mouse button. The program searches for the closest point within a certain distance from the cursor and, if one exists, moves the cursor there and displays it in red color. At the same time, it displays its number and coordinates in the stage bar. If no point is found in the surroundings, the program announces it with an audio signal.

Another coordinate lists can be connected to the opened graphic window as a reference, for control purposes, using the command Plan->Reference plans These lists are displayed in the graphic window along with the main file. The points of the reference file are displayed in red.

The GROMA system allows the automatic creation of a line drawing based on point codes.

The coding algorithm is fixed, but the specific codes for the individual lines and functions can be changed in the program configuration (command Settings->Coding: Drawing code setting).

To process raster data, you have to first open a window with the relevant file. A raster data window can be opened in the same way as any other data window. When opening the file, you have to select the item Bitmaps from the list Files type. The program then offers all the files with the extension .bmp found in the active directory.

After selecting a file, the program will first try to open a file of the same name having the extension .rnf. in the relevant directory. Such a file would contain the raster data information (identical points, transformation key, etc. ). If no .rnf file is found, the program will create a new one. In case of terminating and re-launching the program (e.g. in case of its failure) while entering the identical points for transformation in this file, you can continue the digitalization without the need to re-determine of the transformation key because the file is automatically saved.

The transformation key refers to the relevant file, not to a window; more than one window with a bitmap can be open at the same time, and one transformation key will be valid in all of them (therefore you can determine it only in one arbitrary window).

Just as for the coordinate files, more than one raster data file can be open at the same time. The program will automatically use the pertinent transformation key during the digitalization of each file. If you have opened the dialog window for determination of the transformation key (see further), the program displays the data related to the window where the mouse cursor is currently located in it. If you move the cursor from one raster data window to another, the program immediately displays the identical points of the other file.

The unit of the graphic coordinates is one Picture Element, a Pixel. A Pixel is the smallest element displayed on a bitmap. The real physical dimension of the pixel depends on the resolution of the scanner used. If you scan the map source using a scanner with 400 dpi resolution (400 dots per inch), one pixel represents an area of approx. 0.064 mm in size.

The accuracy of the final digitalized coordinates is therefore significantly influenced by the resolution used. The volume of the raster data also depends on the resolution (doubling the resolution enlarges the bitmap four times). Therefore, it is necessary to find a compromise between the required accuracy and acceptable size of the bitmap.

Before starting the digitalization, it is necessary to define the relation between the map picture and reality, i.e. to determine the transformation key used to transform the coordinates of the digitalized points to the target coordinate system.

The program uses the so called affinity transformation of coordinates. In this transformation, two different scale coefficients are used for the direction of the X and Y axes to better capture the unequal deformation of the map source in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The transformation parameters are determined using the least squares method (with the condition to minimize the sum of the square of the coordinate's adjustments on the identical points).

The minimum required number of identical points, thanks to the type of transformation used, is three (the transformation has five parameters: two translations, two scale coefficients, and rotation).

The maximum number of identical points is limited only by the capacity of the operational memory.

The dialog windows for the digitalization of the raster data contain zoom, i.e. a cut where a zoomed picture of the bitmap is displayed. The point where the cursor is currently located is the center of the zoom. By moving the cursor on the bitmap, the program automatically displays the pertinent cut.

The zoom is adjustable from 1-8. To change the zoom, use the buttons <+> and <-> displayed under the zoom.<+> a <->, displayed under the zoom.

To use the zoom for a precise reading of the graphic coordinates, press the key <Ctrl>, on the keyboard, and the cursor will automatically move from the bitmap to the relevant point in the zoom (you can't move the cursor from the bitmap to the zoom, because moving the cursor also moves the cut displayed by the zoom). After pressing the key <Ctrl> the cursor moves back to the bitmap (to the position it was at on the zoom), and the bitmap window becomes active again.

	Important
	If you want to use the zoom using the <Ctrl>, key, the bitmap window must be active (the header must be highlighted), otherwise it will not react by pressing the <Ctrl> key.

If the window is not active, you can activate it by mouse-pointing anywhere at its desktop and pressing the left or right mouse button or using the menu Window.

The dialog window called by the command Bitmap->Transformation key.

The dialog window contains input lines for entering the graphic and real coordinates of the identical points. The real coordinates can be either entered or mouse-dragged to the input line from the coordinate list. The program will fill in the graphic coordinates in the input lines after pressing the left mouse button on the bitmap window desktop or on the zoom.

If the point coordinates are entered in both systems, the point can be added to the identical point list using the button (Add) The program automatically updates the transformation key and saves the added point to the disc. Any arbitrary point can be removed from the list using the button (Remove).

On the identical points list, the calculated coordinates' deviations are also displayed.

If you are satisfied with the transformation key (you can display it using the button (Key)), )), you can close this dialog window and start the actual digitalization. If you decide later to check or adjust the transformation key, the entire list of identical points will be displayed in the dialog window after its calling. A report is created, after the calculation of the transformation relations, containing the information on the transformation (transformation parameters, deviations on the identical points, etc. ).

Use the dialog window called by the command Bitmaps->Digitalization for digitalization of the detailed points..

The process of the digitalization itself is similar to the determination of the transformation key. After pressing the left mouse button on the desktop of the bitmap window or with the zoom, the result transformed coordinates are displayed in the dialog window.

To store a point, you have to enter its prefix and number. If you don't enter a prefix, the program will use the implicit prefix set in Settings->Reduction. If a point number is entered, the program will increase it by one automatically after subtracting the point coordinates.

If you have selected the active coordinate list, the program will automatically store the read point in it. If you do not want to store the point automatically, set the active coordinate list to [None].

If a button with an arrow is displayed next to the input box in any dialog window, it means that this point can be pointed at by the mouse in a graphic window or in the MicroStation system (if GROMA configured and launched as a MicroStation application – see annexure).

The pertinent driver is necessary for each device you want to use in MS Windows.

A large number of drivers are delivered directly with MS Windows on the installation discs. The discs contain the drivers for almost every normally available printer (matrix, jet and laser). In addition, the hardware producers usually add the discs with the newest driver version to the sold devices.

You can install the drivers by using the Control Panel (see the details in the MS Windows documentation).

Before printing data from the GROMA program, it is first necessary to set the output device. The program allows setting two different output devices for separately printing the text and graphic outputs. For example, you can print texts on a matrix printer and graphics on the HPGL plotter.

Both output devices are selected in the dialog window File->printer settings.

The dialog window contains two lists where all the output devices currently installed under Windows are listed (i.e. their drivers are installed). If the required device is not on the list, you must first install its drivers.

If the required output device is on the list, select it using the cursor and press the button (Select). From this moment all the print outputs are directed to the selected device.

If the driver allows the change of some parameters (paper size, layout, resolution, etc. ), you can set them after pressing the button (Settings).

Before the actual printing, you can display a print preview. After pressing the button (Preview) ), the program opens a window displaying the preview of the printed document. Using the buttons from the toolbar, you can enlarge, diminish and switch between the individual pages of the document.

The coordinate lists and the measured data lists are text files; therefore, they are printed on the output device selected as Text Output (see above). The lists are printed using the dialog window called by the command

The lists are printed using the dialog window called by the command File->Print.

In the dialog window are displayed: the file name (before calling the print command must be some window of this file selected as active), the current margin settings and the presumed page count.

Margin settings

You can set the paper margins before the print (in millimeters).

	Important
	When the set margins are too large, the output can not fit on the paper. In such a case, it can have an unexpected appearance (overlapping texts, etc.).

If you wish to launch the GROMA system so it supports the pertinent CAD system, you have to launch the GROMA system with the parameter -parent=nazev on the input line.

For the IntelliCAD system, the parameter -parent=IntelliCAD, must be used, for the DesignCAD system the parameter -parent=DesignCAD must be used.

The attributes used to transfer the points to a drawing can be set in the dialog window File->CAD settings. See the details in the Reference Manual.

The GROMA system supports the following database servers:

The connection to the database servers is via the ODBC; therefore it is necessary to have the pertinent ODBC driver installed on the station wherefrom you connect the database. These drivers are not delivered along with GROMA, but you can find them on the websites of the producers of the pertinent database servers.

For work with databases, two basic tables are used: projects table, where the descriptive information on projects is set, and point table, where the points are stored. Besides this other tables can be used (e.g. table containing the coordinate set names, contract types, scales, etc.).

In the GROMA system, you can pre-set the parameters for connection to different databases and choose from this list of the pre-set connections when connecting. The only data which can't be pre-set and must always be entered manually is the login password.

The file containing all the settings is stored in the subdirectory sql of the main directory of the GROMA system with the name db.ini. This file is in XML format (Extensible Markup language). The detailed XML language description is beyond the extent of this manual. All the information on the XML language can be found on the website of the W3C International Consortium which specializes in standardization on internet(http://www.w3.org/XML/). However, detailed skills with the XML language are not necessary to use the GROMA system. The installation contains the sample file db.ini, which can be only adjusted.

The file structure must be maintained when adjusting. Abiding by the condition that all the file elements must be correctly closed is crucial. It means that for each opening mark in format

<znacka>

must also be in the document on the corresponding place the closing mark

</znacka>

If the element does not contain any other elements but attributes, it can also be closed in a short way, i.e. by writing the character / directly in the element opening mark: / přímo do otevírací značky prvku:

<znacka atribut1="data" atribut2="data"/>

The structure of the definition file is described in the Attachements.

The work with databases consists of the basic steps below:

Selection / setting of the active project

All the elements (coordinate list points and graphic elements) are stored in a common table. The individual projects or other data groups are distinguished by their pertinence to a certain project. Therefore, you have to define the project before the actual work with a database.

The dialog window for the project definition is displayed after entering the command Database->Project settings. In the left part of the window is the projects list; in the right part the setting of the relevant project.

Creating a new project

You can create a new empty project by pressing the button (New). Pressing the button deletes all the settings from the previous project in the right part of the window. You can store the new project after entering the new settings by pressing the button (Save).

If you want to create a new project based on the already existing project, you can press the button (New) press the button (Copy)instead of the button (Save). In this way, all the settings from the previous project will remain in the dialog window (besides the ID). After the adjustment, press the button (Save) and the new project will be saved.

Adjustment of an already existing project

If you want to change some of the project settings, select the project from the list, make the necessary changes, and save the adjusted project by pressing the button (Save).

Project selection

After selecting a project you want to work with press the button (OK). The project has been selected and all the further operations will be applied only to this project.

Removing a project

Redundant projects can be removed by pressing the button (Remove). First, you must ensure that no data related to the removed project remained in the database. The control of this can be ensured by the settings on the database level (e.g. using foreign keys - see the documentation of the pertinent database).

	Warning
	Only one user can work on a project at one time-multiple users could damage the data.

This command serves to create a new file. After calling the command a dialog window is displayed where you can choose the type of file you want to create (coordinate list, measured data list, Protocol, text file, or project). After confirming the choice, an empty data window of the pertinent type is displayed. The window is identified with the name Unnamed and with an order number or a temporary file. If you want to save the file, use the command File->Save as, otherwise the file will be automatically cancelled after closing (the program displays a warning when closing the file).

This command serves to open a new file, or to open a new window of an already opened file. After calling this command a dialog window is displayed for selection of a file.

Before entering a file name, you have to first set the file type (in the bottom left part of the window). The files in the GROMA program internal format(.crd, .mes, .pic, .bmp, .prj) are directly opened, the other files are imported first in the internal format and the created file is opened. Therefore, all the changes performed in the file are saved in the file in the internal format, where the original file remains unchanged. In case of the files in the internal format, you can select more files on the list using the keys<Shift> and <Ctrl>.

If you import the measured data list or the coordinate list from a field book, you have to first set the field book type and the format you work with in the dialog window Settings->fieldbook . The list of the file types in the dialog window for opening a file contains the items for measurement import which changes according to the selected type of field book.

Using this common dialog window you can also open the saved calculations (transit traverse, measurements, check distances, transformation key) and the files from the extent modules (network adjustment, road trace).

This command saves a text file, report, or a project on the disc. This command is not active for other types of files because they are saved on the disc automatically after each change.

This command saves a file under a different name and eventually in a different format. It can be used only for lists, i.e. coordinate list or measured data list, protocols and text files.

If you want to write in the file only some selected data, choose the item Save Selected Points. The program will write in the final file only the items which are selected in the actual file.

This command immediately closes all the opened files (and all the opened windows).

The program will perform data file compression. During the file compression all the deleted items are removed and the remaining items are sorted saves which can significantly speed up the prospective indexing. The original file is saved as a backup file (coordinate file with extension.~cr, measured data file with extension .~me).

The program creates a new index file for the data file. Under normal circumstances, you don't have to create the index file in this way, the program updates it automatically. Use this command if you have a reason to think that the displayed information doesn’t correspond to the real data in the data file.

This command calls a dialog window which contains information about the actual file (number of items, date of creation, etc.). Here can be defined max. 32-character file description which is displayed in the dialog window when opening a file.

The information can be set for the coordinate lists and measured data lists.

When working with more coordinate lists at once, it is convenient to select one of them as active. If the option to search points in all open files is not set (Settings->Environment), the points will only be searched in the active coordinate list. Some calculation jobs (e.g. polar method) automatically store all the calculated points in the active coordinate list.

This command displays a dialog window for configuring the GROMA system. The individual items of this setting are described below (the dialog window Settings).

This command displays a dialog window for configuration manipulation. Using this command, you can create and delete the files with configurations, and select the active configuration.

This command displays a dialog window which serves to set the point display attributes when connected with some CAD system (designCAD, IntelliCAD).

The window contains a configuration list. You can select an item from the list by pointing at it. If you want to enter another configuration on the list, fill in all the attributes in the dialog window for the individual point components (point, prefix, number, height, code). Check the items which shall be recorded on the drawing when transferring the point. For numeric data, you can also set the number of characters, decimal places, and other options. The configuration will be added to the list after entering the configuration number and pressing the button (Add).

This command allows printing of the coordinate list or drawing of a picture on the plotter. Before starting to print, you must first select an output device.

After calling this command, a dialog window opens with the appearance depending on the type of window you want to print from.

Before printing (drawing), you have to first select an output device. In the program, you separately set a device for text output for printing the lists (usually a printer) and a device for graphic output to plot the graphics (usually a plotter).

This command displays a dialog window for selecting both devices wherefrom you can also set their configuration (if the pertinent drivers allow this).

This command displays a dialog window with a local report from the last calculation. The command is equivalent to pressing the button (report) anywhere in the calculation window.

The dialog widow with the local report is non-modal; therefore, it can be open all the time. If open during the calculation, it displays the changes in the local report immediately.

If you want to save the local report in the overall report, press the button (Save).

Using this command, you can save the local report without the need to open the dialog window of the local report. This way of saving a is little bit faster and can also be used advantageously in case the local report is bigger than can be displayed in a standard editing window (limitation of Windows 95-in such case, the dialog window with the local report can't be displayed).

This command ends the work with the GROMA program. Before ending, all the index files and the information on opened windows are stored in the initialization file; therefore, when the program is started the next time, all the windows are automatically opened and placed on the desktop as they were when the program was ended.

Under this bookmark, different parameters for the work in the program can be set. The data is organized in logical groups.

Coordinates order:

You can choose the order in which the X and Y coordinates shall be displayed and entered on the lists and in the dialog windows. This selection doesn’t effect the storing of the coordinate lists in text files; there the order determined is by the applied format prescription.

	Important
	The change in the coordinates order setting will show after the program's termination and its re-launching.

Here is all the data regarding the calculations.

Under this bookmark the implicit prefix and coordinate reductions can be defined

In this dialog window, you can set the type of the used field book and further data.

This command serves for defining theodolites, their instrument errors and tolerances.

Mean errors:

Enter the estimate of the mean error of the measured direction in one binocular position and the estimate of the mean error of the measured distance in the other.

	Important
	The a priory mean errors indicated by the instrument producer can be related to certain specific situations, they are usually too optimistic for a common measuring. Before entering such value, make sure the value is real.

Collimation error:

Enter the real collimation error of the theodolite and the tolerances for its testing. When processing the field book, if the program finds a measuring at both positions, it will calculate from them the collimation error and compare it with the set value. If the difference between the calculated and set error overreaches the value set as Faulty, the measurement in the report is marked as faulty and the calculation of the adjusted measuring will not be performed. If the difference overreaches the value set as Suspicious, , the calculation will be performed, but the directions in the report are marked as suspicious.

The program compares the difference of the set and calculated collimation error with the tolerances, not the total calculated error. Therefore the real collimation error can have an arbitrary value, and the tolerances do not have to be set in respect to it.

	Important
	The set collimation error value is not used to correct the measurement, but only to test the tolerances. When processing the field book, the real collimation error can be removed using the measurement in both the 1st and 2nd position of the binocular.

Index error:

Enter the real index error of the theodolite and the tolerances for its testing. When processing the field book, if the program finds a measurement at both positions, it will calculate the index error from them and compare it with the set value. If the difference between the calculated and set error overreaches the value set as Faulty, the measurement is marked as faulty in the report and the calculation of the adjusted measurement will not be performed. If the difference overreaches the value set as Suspicious, , the calculation will be performed, but the measurements are marked as suspicious in the report.

The program compares the difference of the set and calculated index error with the tolerances, not the total calculated error. Therefore the real index error can have an arbitrary value, and the tolerances do not have to be set in respect to it.

	Important
	The set index error is used only for batch correction of the index error. When calculating the leveled measurements from the measurements in the 1st and 2nd positions is used only for tolerance testing; when calculating the leveled measurement, the real index error is removed using the measurement in the 1st and 2nd position of the binocular.

In this dialog window, parameters regarding point coding can be set the Point coding.

In this bookmark, some parameters for the work with the reports can be set.

Code page:

As well as Windows CZ, GROMA works with the report and Windows Latin-2 code (code page 1250) so you can also store the report in the text editor in different coding, which can be convenient for further report processing, for example, by the text editor. When reading the report, it is automatically converted back to the Windows Latin-2 coding. The program offers these code pages:

• 437 DOS Standard IBM,

• 850 DOS Kamenicky (KEYBCS2),

• 852 DOS Latin-2,

• 1250 Windows Latin-2

	Warning
	The recoding of the page 437 code is irreversible because all the Czech characters are converted to their equivalents without diacritic signs. Upon the next opening, the file with the report contains only the standard ASCII characters.

You can set the input/output parameters in this bookmark (units, number of decimal places, etc.).

In this bookmark, the input/output format of the coordinates can be defined or edited for writing and reading from a text file. The process of defining the input/output format is described in detail in the Attachment.

Similar to the coordinates, here you can define or edit the input/output format of the measured data for writing and reading from a text file. The process of defining the input/output format is described in detail in the Attachment.

Here the parameters for writing a graphic file in the DXF file format can be set. The elements, according to the set display parameters, are written in the DXF file. The elements stored in the turned off levels (i.e. the elements not displayed in the active window) won't be stored in the DXF file.

Closes the currently open window. If it is a coordinate list or a measured data list, and if this window is the last open window of the pertinent list, the program will also automatically save the updated index file to the disc.

The windows will be arranged on the screen so they do not overlap, i.e. the y will be horizontally or vertically stacked.

The windows will overlap so from each window at least one corner is visible.

If some of the windows are minimized, i.e. displayed as icons on the main program desktop, you can organize them along the desktop bottom edge.

To activate this command, one of the icons must be selected as the active window.

Different parameters for displaying data can be set in this dialog window. The display options depend on the type of the window.

This command undoes the last action performed in the coordinate list or measured data list.

This command cuts the data from the list to the clipboard (the data is deleted from the list). If nothing is selected on the list, the program will cut the current item (item with cursor). If some items are selected, the program will cut only these items.

This command works the same as Cut, but the data is only copied (they remain on the list).

Enters the data from the clipboard onto the list. The points on the coordinate list are sorted according to the numbers. They are added to the measured data list in front of the item with the cursor.

Deletes the selected item(s) from the list.

Before any work with points and graphics in a database, it is necessary to connect via the ODBC drivers to the database. All the parameters for connection can be pre-set in the Configuration file, when actually signing in, you only have to enter a login name and password. After calling the command, a dialog window displays where you have to enter login name, password, and select the pertinent database profile from the list. Other parameters are pre-set to the values defined in the Configuration file, but they can be changed.

The GROMA systems logs onto the database server via the ODBC driver after pressing the button (Sign In) ). If the signing in doesn't fail, the Project manager automatically displays. If this is your first signing into the database after installation, the system notifies you that the database hasn't been initialized yet and offers the initialization. All the required tables and system codebooks are created during the initialization.

This command opens the Project manager, which can be used to create, adjust and delete projects. After opening a display of all the available projects, the last active or used project is highlighted.

The bold items are required; others are optional and can remain empty. Some items, e.g. GP type, are very important for further processing of the geometric plan in the graphic module.

The change in the project definition can be saved by pressing the button (Save) or (OK).

This command opens a dialog window for creating a database and user. This can usually be done using the tools delivered by the producer along with the database server, but the following method is the easiest:

Enter the login data to the administrator account (root, sa, etc.) in the upper pert of the window. Choose the server address (usually localhost for the local connection or IP server address for local network connection). Select the database type.

In next section, enter the name of the database you want to create or remove. For some types of databases, it is also necessary to enter the database size and location of the data files. The pre-set database size is 1GB, the pre-set path to the data files is taken from the Windows system registers.

Enter the name and password for the user account you are creating in the last section.

	Note
	We recommend setting the same name of user and database. If the names are different, you will have to adjust the configuration database file..

	Note
	When creating a user, you must also enter the database name because the user's right to the database is created automatically after the account creation.

This command launches the tool for after-installation database initialization. All the needed tables are created and all the codebooks are filled in during the initialization.

The GROMA system allows working with several tables within one database. This can be used e.g. when creating geometric plans, when the points you want to display in the graphic can be saved in one table when drawing the plan, and in another table the points which shall be listed on the coordinate list on the geometry plan can be saved. Using this command, you can choose the active table above which all the database actions are performed (points export and import). You can find the details on the technology of the creation of a geometric plan and on tables in the graphic module manual.

This command adds files into the active project. After calling the command a dialog window is displayed showing all the names of the opened files which are not included in the project. You can select one or more files and add them to the project by pressing the button (OK).

The coordinate lists and measured data list can be added by simple mouse-dragging.

This command removes the selected file from the active project. First, select the file in the project window.

The file will only be removed from the project; it will remain unchanged on the disc.

This command opens a file from the active project. First, select the file in the project window.

You can open the file by double clicking on its name in the project window.

In this dialog window the first printed line of the header for the coordinate lists and measured data lists can be set.

This command adds items to the coordinate lists and measured data lists. After calling this command, the program displays the pertinent editing window where you can define all the required data.

This command removes items from the lists. The program deletes any selected items from the list. If no items are selected, the program deletes the item with the cursor over it.

This command displays a dialog window for editing the item with the cursor. The editing starts by double clicking the mouse on any arbitrary item on the list.

After calling this command, displays in the left bottom corner of the screen a small dialog window for searching the item. If you enter a point number, or if you edit it, the program automatically places the cursor on the first point found of such number. To find the next point with the same number, press the key <Arrow Down>.

This command displays a dialog window for selecting the items on the list according to set criteria.

You can choose whether the items meeting the criteria shall be added to the previously selected items, removed from the previously selected items, or if this is a new selection.

The process of selecting is described in detail in the Reference manual.

After calling this command, a dialog window is displayed allowing the performance of batch changes to the coordinate lists and measured data lists. Using this window allows you to change the prefixes, set the point code, add and subtract a constant from the individual data, multiply or divide the individual data by a constant, etc.

The batch change is described in detail in the User Manual.

This command calls a non-modal dialog window which serves to renumber the coordinate list or the measured data list. Enter the input file (if also renumbering the output file coordinates, the coordinates can only be renumbered in a new file), prefix, and the start number. In case of the measured data list, you can choose if you also want to renumber the orientations and eventually the stations. The points will be renumbered after pressing the button (Renumber) and the renumbering report will be displayed.

The renumbering process is described in detail in the User Manual.

Using this command, you can transfer the descriptions according to the set code table (descriptions which are displayed on the screen) in the data file in stead of the codes. The codes will be cut to the maximum length of 20 characters when stored.

When the program deletes from the data file, it marks the individual items as deleted, but the data physically stays in the file. It is removed during file compression. Therefore, if you delete some items and need to recover them later, and the Undo function can not be used (the file was meanwhile closed, indexed, etc.), you can use this function. The items are always recovered in a new file which is automatically created (non-consistent, duplicate data is usually created during recovery as a measured point without the station header, etc.). From this data, the needed data can be copied to any other file.

This command writes the coordinate list in the report. If any items are selected on the list, the command writes only such items in the report, otherwise the entire coordinate list is written. The coordinates can also be written in the protocol using the clipboard (in the main widow with the report) or mouse dragging (to the dialog window with the local report).

After calling this command, a dialog window is displayed with a graphic presentation of the pertinent coordinate file. If the graphic file .pic already exists, it is automatically open. If it doesn’t exist, the program notifies you and asks whether it should create it.

This command opens a dialog window which serves to sort the active coordinate list in files according to map lists. Here you can enter the scale for the map lists and choose whether the generated file names can be long or must be the standard, 8-character names. You can also set other settings such as whether the created files shall open automatically and whether the existing old files shall be overwritten without any warning. The list of the used map lists is updated after pressing the button (Apply) the coordinate files are written on the disc after pressing the button (Sort).

After calling this function, a dialog window is displayed which serves for statistic comparison of two coordinate lists. The test is performed according to the relations described in the Reg. No. 190/1996 Coll. The coordinate differences are calculated first.

dx = x_m - x_k, dy = y_m - y_k,

where x_m, y_m are the coordinates from the tested file and x_k, y_k are the coordinates from the reference file.

The position deviation and the bearing of the position deviation are calculated from these differences.

dp = (dx² + dy²)^1/2

The position deviation and the bearing of the position deviation are calculated from these differences.

Further, the mean deviation is calculated from the formula

u_p = [0.5 (dx² + dy²)]^1/2

The mean coordinate errors for the entire processed file are calculated from the formula

s_x = [sum(dx²/(k . N))]^1/2, s_y = [sum(dy²/(k . N))]^1/2,

where the k coefficient can be

Selective mean coordinate error

S_xy = (0.5 (s_x² + s_y²))^1/2

In the final statistic is, besides others written, what percentage of the points had uxy smaller than the required U_xy, (should be at least 60%), for what percentage of the points u_xy in interval (U_xy, 2U_xy> and for what percentage 2U_xy overreached.

After entering this command, the current coordinate list will be controlled whether it contains any duplicate point numbers or not. The test result with the eventual duplicates list is written in the report. Also, this test is automatically performed when indexing a file.

After entering this command, the execution of the point numbering on the list will be controlled. The list of the uninterrupted number blocks will be written in the report.

This command displays a dialog window serving to find, and eventually remove, points with different numbers but identical or similar coordinates.

Enter the name of the tested file and the tolerance (limit difference in the coordinate) which determines when the points should be deemed identical.

If you switch on the option Only in report, the list of the identical points will be written in the report, but the tested file will be left without any change. If this option is off, the program will remove one of the identical points from the list according to the settings. You can choose if the point with the lower number or the point with lower prefix shall remain on the list.

If you switch on the option Ignore height, the program will judge the identity only according to the coordinate X and Y, the coordinate Z will be ignored.

This command serves to batch coordinate iterating the selected list. You can choose which coordinates shall be rounded and to how many decimal places. You can iterations the entire list or only the selected items.

This dialog window serves to work with dual coordinates on the lists.

You have to enter the basic coordinate file in the section Files and the additional file for some functions. The files are selected by mouse dragging to the pertinent box or by pressing the button (...).

If you don't use some of the data displayed on the lists (e.g. point type, height, etc.), you can switch the pertinent column off using this command. This option can also be called by mouse right clicking on the list header (i.e. not on the color header with the file name, but on the first line with the column headers). Displayed data setting is also respected in any print outputs.

Using this button, you can save the point from the coordinate list into a database. If any points which are not connected to the database (there is no database symbol) are on the list, you can use this command to save them in the database.

When storing in a database, the uniqueness of the point identifier within the project must be maintained. In other words, a point of the identical number can't be saved in the point table more times. When storing the numbers, the program controls such fact, and if it finds a point of the entered number already in the project, it will not save the new point and records such fact in the report.

If some points are selected on the coordinate list, only these points will be stored in the database. If no points are selected, the entire coordinate list will be stored in the database.

You can find the detailed information on the work with databases in the User Manual.

This command serves to store the changes to the coordinate list in a database. You can use this command only if the coordinate list was created by import from a database.

You can find the detailed information on the work with databases in the User Manual.

If some points are selected on the coordinate list, only these points will be stored in the database. If no points are selected, the entire coordinate list will be stored in the database.

You can find the detailed information on the work with databases in the User Manual.

If you delete some points from the coordinate list created by import from a database, it doesn’t mean that these points are automatically deleted from the database. They will be deleted from the database after entering this command.

You can find the detailed information on the work with databases in the User Manual.

You can find the detailed information on the work with databases in the User Manual.

Using this command, you can perform complete processing of a field book, including processing the data measured in both binocular positions, repeated measuring, reduction of directions, processing the measurements in both directions, adjustments of the instrument errors, refraction adjustments, and elevation calculation. If you choose the option Only in report, a report will be created and the changes will not be performed on the measured data list.

You can find the details on processing the field book in the User Manual.

After entering this command, a dialog window is displayed allowing the repeated measurements to merge on one station. The measurements can be merged only if they contain at least one common direction via which can be connected the sets of directions.

First, the program sorts the entire file according to the stations. Then, it browses through and searches for repeated stations. If no repeated stations are found, the program displays the list of the common horizontal directions with the adjustments. The individual directions can be removed from this list using the button (Remove). After pressing the button (OK), The program calculates the displacement of both sets, connects them, and corrects all the directions measured on the second point by such displacement.

	Important
	If the instrument height is listed in both measurements, the sets can be merged only if both instrument heights are identical. If different, you can use the button Reduce elevation on the connection point of the stabilization marks to identify them during the field book processing.

Using this dialog window, you can batch select the orientations. You can set the criteria to identify the orientations.

The orientation identification is described in details in the User Manual.

This button serves to sort the measured data list.

Using this command, you can attach another measured data list to the open measured data list.

The measured data file will be merged at the end of the original file.

If you don't use some of the data displayed on the lists (e.g. zenith distance, signal height, etc.) you can remove the relevant columns using this command. This option can also be called by right clicking the mouse on the list header (i.e. not on the color header with the file name, but on the first line with the column headers). Displayed data setting is respected also in any print outputs.

In addition, you can choose the details on the measured data list display in this window:

This changes the display type for the entire file. The display mode for the individual stations can be changed by double clicking on the icon displayed in the left part of the list on the line with the station header.

In this dialog window, you can set the drawing attributes (switched-on levels, fonts, etc.).

The display scale is adjusted so the entire plan in displayed in the window.

The display scale is increased 1.5x.

The display scale is decreased 1.5x.

The active window is repainted.

The content of the fence is enlarged to the entire window desktop. If the enclosure hasn’t been created yet, you can place it after calling this command. Place the cursor on one corner of the required enclosure, press the left mouse button, hold it, and move to the second corner. Release the left mouse button.

This command cancels the previous mode (drawing, element deleting, etc.) The element selection mode is suitable for pointing points for the calculation dialog window.

After choosing this option (if no element is selected) the cursor is displayed with a question mark. The mouse cursor changes if you select an element which you want to erase using the left or middle button. If you really want to erase the element, press the left mouse button. If you don't want to erase it, press the right button.